LessonsParticles of Meaning: Aw, Hatta, Ila, Ala, Fi and BaQuiz

When the earlier action can be repeated, the speaker can envisage its continuation up to a specified event. The textbook uses a historical conditional emancipation formula to make this point.

«عبدي حر إن لم أضربك حتى يشفع فلان»
My servant is free if I do not strike you until so-and-so intercedes.

The action mentioned is repeatable and intercession can serve as its endpoint. The textbook describes the legal consequence if the act is not done at all, or is stopped before that endpoint. The example illustrates temporal interpretation; it does not endorse harmful conduct.

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Hatta where an action can extend

Particles of Meaning: Aw, Hatta, Ila, Ala, Fi and Ba

When the earlier action can be repeated, the speaker can envisage its continuation up to a specified event. The textbook uses a historical conditional emancipation formula to make this point.

«عبدي حر إن لم أضربك حتى يشفع فلان»
My servant is free if I do not strike you until so-and-so intercedes.

The action mentioned is repeatable and intercession can serve as its endpoint. The textbook describes the legal consequence if the act is not done at all, or is stopped before that endpoint. The example illustrates temporal interpretation; it does not endorse harmful conduct.