If a third-party legal claim remains attached to returned property, what must be checked?
Performance and Substitution: Complete and Deficient Adāʾ and Qaḍāʾ
- Treating the current physical form as conclusively extinguishing all claims
- Whether full rights were restored and liability persists
- Treating physical delivery as invariably resolving connected liability
- Treating third-party claims as invariably irrelevant to the owner