سنة رسوله
The Prophetic Sunnah is the second foundational source. Statements, acts, and tacit approvals attributed authentically to the Prophet ﷺ are studied to determine the guidance they provide.
A narration may explain a wider provision, demonstrate its practical implementation, or convey an independent instruction. Establishing a report's transmission and interpreting its language are distinct scholarly tasks.
An important methodological caution is that reports cannot be treated identically without considering their evidentiary status, wording, and context.