القياس
Analogy relates a new case to a case whose ruling is already established because both share a legally effective ʿillah (effective cause). A superficial resemblance is not enough.
The aṣl is the original case, the farʿ the new case, and the ʿillah the feature on which the extension of the ruling depends.
A sound analogy requires examining the textual ruling and the operative cause before applying it. It is not unrestricted speculation that overrides established wording.
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Sources of Legal Theory and Introduction to Specific and General Expressions
القياس
Analogy relates a new case to a case whose ruling is already established because both share a legally effective ʿillah (effective cause). A superficial resemblance is not enough.
The aṣl is the original case, the farʿ the new case, and the ʿillah the feature on which the extension of the ruling depends.
A sound analogy requires examining the textual ruling and the operative cause before applying it. It is not unrestricted speculation that overrides established wording.