فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ
Fight/kill the polytheists. (Qurʾān 9:5, excerpt)
This expression is considered within its historical setting of armed conflict, treaties, and associated legal limitations. Other textual evidence gives different rulings for particular categories or circumstances; in legal theory these limitations are analyzed as specification.
The methodological question is how strong the general wording remains after exclusions have been established. It should not be detached from its legal and historical context or treated as permission for private action.