LessonsCauses of Knowledge: Definition, Certainty and SourcesQuiz

الْخَبَرُ الصَّادِقُ
A true report, adequately grounded as corresponding to reality.

No person directly observes every city, past event, or another person's experience. Reporting can provide knowledge beyond one's immediate observation. Yet the occurrence of a report and its being truthful are different matters. Hearing a claim many times does not by itself establish its correctness.

If someone says it rained in another city today, a listener who did not observe it must consider the report's grounds and reliability. A truthful report can communicate knowledge; an unsupported report may produce only a possibility. Its reliability must therefore be evaluated rather than assumed merely because someone has spoken.

Opening interactive controls...

Truthful report and what lies beyond direct observation

Causes of Knowledge: Definition, Certainty and Sources

الْخَبَرُ الصَّادِقُ
A true report, adequately grounded as corresponding to reality.

No person directly observes every city, past event, or another person's experience. Reporting can provide knowledge beyond one's immediate observation. Yet the occurrence of a report and its being truthful are different matters. Hearing a claim many times does not by itself establish its correctness.

If someone says it rained in another city today, a listener who did not observe it must consider the report's grounds and reliability. A truthful report can communicate knowledge; an unsupported report may produce only a possibility. Its reliability must therefore be evaluated rather than assumed merely because someone has spoken.