وَالذَّوْقُ وَهِيَ قُوَّةٌ مُنْبَثَّةٌ فِي الْعَصَبِ الْمَفْرُوشِ عَلَى جِرْمِ اللِّسَانِ
Taste is described as a faculty spread through nerves associated with the tongue.
Its characteristic objects are flavors. The passage also mentions the admixture of food with saliva, in the framework of a classical physiological account.
Tasting something as sweet or sour does not by itself reveal its entire chemical constitution, medical consequences or legal status. Those require other kinds of evidence and judgment.
A faculty's proper object limits the type of information it directly supplies; taste cannot independently answer every question about what is tasted.