LessonsRealities Are Established: Truth, Correspondence and EssenceQuiz

حقائقُ الأشياء ثابتة
The realities of things are established.

This does not mean that everything someone believes is true. Two people can make incompatible claims about the same event; the event itself is not created by either person's assertion.

Whether a stone actually fell into water is distinct from someone's conception of that event and from the truth of a witness's statement. Reality, conception and judgment must not be identified.

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What the thesis affirms—and does not affirm

Realities Are Established: Truth, Correspondence and Essence

حقائقُ الأشياء ثابتة
The realities of things are established.

This does not mean that everything someone believes is true. Two people can make incompatible claims about the same event; the event itself is not created by either person's assertion.

Whether a stone actually fell into water is distinct from someone's conception of that event and from the truth of a witness's statement. Reality, conception and judgment must not be identified.