LessonsSending Messengers: Wisdom of Revelation, Miracles and Proofs of ProphethoodQuiz

Maʿūnah is extraordinary help given to a believer without implying a prophetic or saintly office. Istidrāj denotes favorable appearances that deepen the delusion of a wrongdoer. Ihānah exposes and humiliates a false claimant.

Siḥr involves special operative causes, techniques or deceptive appearances. Even where it seems extraordinary, it does not establish revelation, because it lacks the proper connection with verification of a prophetic mission.

The issue is not simply whether something astonishes observers; it is who is involved, what claim is made and whether the occurrence confirms or refutes that claim.

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Assistance, deception, humiliation and magic

Sending Messengers: Wisdom of Revelation, Miracles and Proofs of Prophethood

Maʿūnah is extraordinary help given to a believer without implying a prophetic or saintly office. Istidrāj denotes favorable appearances that deepen the delusion of a wrongdoer. Ihānah exposes and humiliates a false claimant.

Siḥr involves special operative causes, techniques or deceptive appearances. Even where it seems extraordinary, it does not establish revelation, because it lacks the proper connection with verification of a prophetic mission.

The issue is not simply whether something astonishes observers; it is who is involved, what claim is made and whether the occurrence confirms or refutes that claim.