LessonsThe Four Proofs: Fiqh, Uṣūl al-Fiqh and KalāmQuiz

Qiyās is reasoning that connects a new case (farʿ) to an established case (aṣl) because a legally relevant effective cause (ʿillah) is shared between them. This relationship is then used to argue for an extension of the ruling.

Its working elements are:
Aṣl: the precedent with an established ruling.
Farʿ: the new case under examination.
ʿIllah: the suitably established common feature relevant to the ruling.
Ḥukm: the legal result proposed for the new case.

فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَا أُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ
So take heed, people of insight. (al-Ḥashr 59:2)

The verse is cited in classical discussions of analogy, though a superficial similarity alone cannot serve as a valid legal cause.

Opening interactive controls...

Qiyās: origin, new case, ruling and effective cause

The Four Proofs: Fiqh, Uṣūl al-Fiqh and Kalām

Qiyās is reasoning that connects a new case (farʿ) to an established case (aṣl) because a legally relevant effective cause (ʿillah) is shared between them. This relationship is then used to argue for an extension of the ruling.

Its working elements are:
Aṣl: the precedent with an established ruling.
Farʿ: the new case under examination.
ʿIllah: the suitably established common feature relevant to the ruling.
Ḥukm: the legal result proposed for the new case.

فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَا أُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ
So take heed, people of insight. (al-Ḥashr 59:2)

The verse is cited in classical discussions of analogy, though a superficial similarity alone cannot serve as a valid legal cause.