LessonsThe Four Proofs: Fiqh, Uṣūl al-Fiqh and KalāmQuiz

Qiyās jalī is an analogy whose relevant connection is comparatively evident. Qiyās khafī involves a subtler inferential route. The apparent simplicity of an analogy is not the only measure of the strength of its proof.

In certain Hanafi legal-theoretical discussions, the less obvious analogy may be preferred when a stronger legally relevant consideration supports it. This is not freedom to follow an arbitrary preference: the reasoning must be accountable to recognized evidence and principled comparison.

Illustration: Two transactions might look alike on the surface yet differ in the feature responsible for a ruling. Treating them alike solely because of outward resemblance may then fail. The illustration describes a mode of legal reasoning, not a legal ruling on a real transaction.

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Clear and less obvious analogy

The Four Proofs: Fiqh, Uṣūl al-Fiqh and Kalām

Qiyās jalī is an analogy whose relevant connection is comparatively evident. Qiyās khafī involves a subtler inferential route. The apparent simplicity of an analogy is not the only measure of the strength of its proof.

In certain Hanafi legal-theoretical discussions, the less obvious analogy may be preferred when a stronger legally relevant consideration supports it. This is not freedom to follow an arbitrary preference: the reasoning must be accountable to recognized evidence and principled comparison.

Illustration: Two transactions might look alike on the surface yet differ in the feature responsible for a ruling. Treating them alike solely because of outward resemblance may then fail. The illustration describes a mode of legal reasoning, not a legal ruling on a real transaction.