LessonsAdvanced Applied Practice — Grammar, Rhetoric, Context and InterpretationQuiz

«إِنْ شَهِدَ لَكَ عَدْلَانِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَإِلَّا فَاسْتَوْفِ مِنْهُ الْيَمِينَ»
If two upright Muslim men testify for you, present them; otherwise require his oath.

In shahida laka ʿadlāni, in introduces the condition, shahida is the conditional verb and ʿadlāni is the dual subject. Laka identifies the beneficiary of the testimony.

The narrative subsequently introduces an oath when witnesses are lacking. Read it as the procedure depicted in this fictional hearing, not as an exhaustive independent statement of legal doctrine. The conditional grammar drives the dramatic turn.

Opening interactive controls...

Conditional structure in a courtroom scene

Advanced Applied Practice — Grammar, Rhetoric, Context and Interpretation

«إِنْ شَهِدَ لَكَ عَدْلَانِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَإِلَّا فَاسْتَوْفِ مِنْهُ الْيَمِينَ»
If two upright Muslim men testify for you, present them; otherwise require his oath.

In shahida laka ʿadlāni, in introduces the condition, shahida is the conditional verb and ʿadlāni is the dual subject. Laka identifies the beneficiary of the testimony.

The narrative subsequently introduces an oath when witnesses are lacking. Read it as the procedure depicted in this fictional hearing, not as an exhaustive independent statement of legal doctrine. The conditional grammar drives the dramatic turn.