Tiny particles do much of the persuasive work in the conclusion. A-ʿalaynā challenges one accusation, and am ʿalaynā extends the challenge to another. Thumma advances a sequence of martial episodes, while fa-ābū / fa-lam tarjiʿ uses fa- to connect an event swiftly with its consequence.
ParticleRoleA-Questioning protestAmA further alternative allegationThummaSuccessive eventsFa-Sequence or result
These connectives turn a string of episodes into a cumulative public defence.
Opening interactive controls...
al-Ḥārith ibn Ḥillizah: Covenant, Tribal Liability and Royal Testimony — Conclusion (verses 68–82)
Tiny particles do much of the persuasive work in the conclusion. A-ʿalaynā challenges one accusation, and am ʿalaynā extends the challenge to another. Thumma advances a sequence of martial episodes, while fa-ābū / fa-lam tarjiʿ uses fa- to connect an event swiftly with its consequence.
ParticleRoleA-Questioning protestAmA further alternative allegationThummaSuccessive eventsFa-Sequence or result
These connectives turn a string of episodes into a cumulative public defence.