LessonsSajʿ, Rhyme and Cadence — An Advanced Study of Ten MaqāmātQuiz

وَأَوَدُّ الْحَمِيمَ وَلَوْ جَرَّعَنِي الْحَمِيمَ
I cherish a close friend even if he makes me swallow, as it were, scalding water.

Al-ḥamīm / al-ḥamīm repeats an identical form but shifts meaning from an intimate friend to boiling water or scalding heat. The speaker thereby portrays the pain inflicted by a friend as something physically burning.

A literal-minded reader who assigns the same English word to both instances loses the intended contrast. Identical sound can carry distinct meanings: sound alone does not settle reference. Wordplay succeeds because context provides the difference.

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Repetition with a change of sense

Sajʿ, Rhyme and Cadence — An Advanced Study of Ten Maqāmāt

وَأَوَدُّ الْحَمِيمَ وَلَوْ جَرَّعَنِي الْحَمِيمَ
I cherish a close friend even if he makes me swallow, as it were, scalding water.

Al-ḥamīm / al-ḥamīm repeats an identical form but shifts meaning from an intimate friend to boiling water or scalding heat. The speaker thereby portrays the pain inflicted by a friend as something physically burning.

A literal-minded reader who assigns the same English word to both instances loses the intended contrast. Identical sound can carry distinct meanings: sound alone does not settle reference. Wordplay succeeds because context provides the difference.