In «ضربتُ قائمًا», the circumstantial accusative describes a participant’s state, to be resolved by syntax and context. In «وصل المسافرُ متعبًا», the traveller’s fatigue is presented as the condition of arrival.
“The traveller arrived” suffices when arrival alone matters. Adding “tired” shifts attention to the arriving person’s condition; qualification is broader than time and location.
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Al-Itlaq wa al-Taqyid: Rhetorical Functions of Unrestricted and Qualified Expression
In «ضربتُ قائمًا», the circumstantial accusative describes a participant’s state, to be resolved by syntax and context. In «وصل المسافرُ متعبًا», the traveller’s fatigue is presented as the condition of arrival.
“The traveller arrived” suffices when arrival alone matters. Adding “tired” shifts attention to the arriving person’s condition; qualification is broader than time and location.