Classifying Metaphor by Its Terms and Common Feature: Concordance, Opposition and Inclusion

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• What is the defining criterion of classification by the two terms?
• Which definition of a concordant metaphor is correct?
• Why is “we gave him life,” used of guidance, classed as concordant?
• Why is “nonexistent” for an existent but useless person opposing?
• What can be intended by calling an existing person nonexistent?
• Which is NOT a requirement of opposing metaphor?
• What is the characteristic rhetorical effect of tahakkum?
• What is the explicit contextual indication in the expression of “good news” about punishment?
• What is achieved by combining “good news” with punishment?
• What is a helpful distinction between tahakkum and tamlīḥ?
• What is needed to read “lion!” ironically when addressed to a coward?
• What does jāmiʿ mean in this division?
• What question drives the classification by jāmiʿ?
• What is intended by “he flew toward it” in the source illustration?
• What feature connects running and flying?
• If a feature is internal to both meanings, what does NOT follow?
• Why can the flight-image be more forceful than the running-image?
• How is courage related to the concepts of lion and brave human?
• What is the relevant semantic aspect of the Qur’anic expression about dispersal?
• What differs in analysis of mirsan-for-nose and taqṭīʿ-for-dispersal?
• How should conceptual inclusion and degree be related?
• What does “blackness is a part of the meaning of black” illustrate?
• How do a metaphor’s common feature and its indicator differ?
• Why are the two axes of metaphorical classification kept separate?
• When can “He is so brave” be an ironic expression?
• Why may identifying a feature like “both are fast” be incomplete?
• Which pair correctly contrasts concordance and opposition?
• Which conclusion should NOT be drawn from an internal common feature?
• What further subject begins after this lesson?
• The defining criterion of concordance is possible coexistence of the relevant states.
• An opposing metaphor requires literally incompatible states to coexist in the same respect.
• In the expression of glad tidings of painful punishment, the punishment provides the ironical reversal.
• When a shared feature is internal to both concepts, its degree must always be identical.
• The flight-image can portray human speed without asserting literal human flight.
• Classifying an expression as ironical does not depend on purpose or context.