Kināyah directs the hearer to an implication, whereas taʿrīḍ can use occasion and context to aim an apparently general statement at a particular person or issue. Terms such as talwīḥ, ramz, īmāʾ and ishārah also concern degrees of indirectness in reaching the intended meaning.
If a speaker criticizes stinginess in the presence of a known miser, determine whether the generic remark is directed at that listener. Omitting an explicit name by itself proves neither taʿrīḍ nor kināyah; the intended contextual effect is decisive.