LessonsComprehensive Review and Application: Bayān, Badīʿ and the Final Rhetorical ArtsQuiz

Murāʿāt al-naẓīr brings together semantically related elements that need not be opposites. Mushākalah aligns a form with a neighboring expression, while irṣād prepares the audience to anticipate a subsequent word from what precedes it.

وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
God did not wrong them; rather, they wronged themselves.

The earlier mention and contrast give the listener a strong expectation about the last verbal form. The mechanism differs from a mere cluster of related vocabulary.

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Semantic affinity, mushākalah and anticipated endings

Comprehensive Review and Application: Bayān, Badīʿ and the Final Rhetorical Arts

Murāʿāt al-naẓīr brings together semantically related elements that need not be opposites. Mushākalah aligns a form with a neighboring expression, while irṣād prepares the audience to anticipate a subsequent word from what precedes it.

وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
God did not wrong them; rather, they wronged themselves.

The earlier mention and contrast give the listener a strong expectation about the last verbal form. The mechanism differs from a mere cluster of related vocabulary.