LessonsConditions of the Predicate: Ellipsis, Reconstruction and ExpressionQuiz

فَإِنِّي وَقَيَّارٌ بِهَا لَغَرِيبُ
Indeed, I and Qiyār are strangers there.

«Qiyār» is nominative. Two permissible accounts preserve that case:
1. Take Qiyār as a separate subject with an omitted «gharīb», and coordinate the whole new clause with the first: فَإِنِّي لَغَرِيبٌ، وَقَيَّارٌ [غَرِيبٌ].
2. Analyze Qiyār by a position-based coordination with the noun of inna and supply its own predicate. The grammatical licensing of the coordination must be established; a shared predicate cannot simply be assumed.

Two rejected analyses clarify the restrictions:
3. Make Qiyār a new subject whose overt predicate is «la-gharīb», while deleting inna's predicate. The initial lām is not freely attached to the predicate of an ungoverned ordinary subject in this way.
4. Coordinate Qiyār to the underlying position of inna's noun and use «la-gharīb» as one indiscriminate common predicate for both: that mishandles their distinct relations to the governor.

The difference is not cosmetic: each analysis must identify exactly where a predicate is missing and what licenses the nominative case.

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Qiyār: permitted and rejected analyses

Conditions of the Predicate: Ellipsis, Reconstruction and Expression

فَإِنِّي وَقَيَّارٌ بِهَا لَغَرِيبُ
Indeed, I and Qiyār are strangers there.

«Qiyār» is nominative. Two permissible accounts preserve that case:
1. Take Qiyār as a separate subject with an omitted «gharīb», and coordinate the whole new clause with the first: فَإِنِّي لَغَرِيبٌ، وَقَيَّارٌ [غَرِيبٌ].
2. Analyze Qiyār by a position-based coordination with the noun of inna and supply its own predicate. The grammatical licensing of the coordination must be established; a shared predicate cannot simply be assumed.

Two rejected analyses clarify the restrictions:
3. Make Qiyār a new subject whose overt predicate is «la-gharīb», while deleting inna's predicate. The initial lām is not freely attached to the predicate of an ungoverned ordinary subject in this way.
4. Coordinate Qiyār to the underlying position of inna's noun and use «la-gharīb» as one indiscriminate common predicate for both: that mishandles their distinct relations to the governor.

The difference is not cosmetic: each analysis must identify exactly where a predicate is missing and what licenses the nominative case.