1. ضَرَبَ غُلَامُهُ زَيْدًا — problematic pronoun precedence, illustrating weak composition.
2. قبر حرب بمكان قفر — a phonetic burden arising from several neighboring words.
3. إلّا مُمَلَّكًا أَبُو أُمِّهِ أَبُوهُ — difficult relationships among pronouns and kinship terms, illustrating verbal taʿqid.
4. سَكْبُ الدُّمُوع — can serve as an intelligible allusion in context; it is not invariably semantic taʿqid.
Always establish the expression's meaning and structure first, then name the defect and give the specific reason.