Final Comprehensive Examination: Bayān, Badīʿ and Closing Arts

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• When a term indicates a constituent rather than its entire assigned sense, which kind of signification applies?
• A word suggests an attendant meaning that is neither the whole nor a component of its assigned sense. What is it?
• What does “fī al-shajāʿah” supply in “Zayd ka-l-asad fī al-shajāʿah”?
• Why is the dust-and-falling-stars example a representational simile?
• What is the decisive role of “yarmī” in “raʾaytu asadan yarmī”?
• Which form uses an entire image of physical movement to depict hesitation?
• If “ṭawīl al-nijād” implies stature while a long strap remains literally possible, what is it?
• Literal reference is excluded, but the relation is not resemblance. Which classification is most apt?
• Several mediating inferences link “kathīr al-ramād” to generosity. Which form is highlighted?
• Few inferential links but a subtle relation typically indicate which kind of kināyah?
• Which figure is evidenced by the opposed verbs “yuḥyī wa-yumīt”?
• What identifies the ordered double opposition in “fa-l-yaḍḥakū qalīlan wa-l-yabkū kathīran”?
• What relation is most evident among sun, moon, and reckoning?
• Which device makes a word’s unintended sense seem associated with neighboring words?
• Given “sun, lion, sea” followed by “generosity, splendor, courage,” how is the spreading ordered?
• What is the sound test for sequential laff wa-nashr?
• After “some are wretched and some blessed,” separately describing their outcomes illustrates what?
• Which grade of hyperbole remains possible both rationally and ordinarily?
• What is a claim possible in reason but highly improbable in ordinary experience?
• Which grade of exaggeration makes a rationally impossible assertion?
• Replacing a real cause with a fitting imaginative cause is which rhetorical device?
• Why does the exception about notched swords reinforce praise in “wa-lā ʿayba fīhim ...”?
• In “there is no good in him except that he mistreats his benefactor,” what does the exception deliver?
• What figure derives a second praiseworthy quality from the first praise?
• Which device embeds a secondary purpose within discourse serving a primary purpose?
• A near meaning is suggested while a remote sense is intended. Which figure?
• A statement supports opposed evaluative readings such as praise and blame. Which figure is relevant?
• What presents known information as a question to achieve a rhetorical purpose?
• Accepting an opponent’s wording while redirecting its intended conclusion characterizes which figure?
• Two words agree in identity, number, form and order of letters but differ in sense. Which type?
• If two similar forms differ in vocalization only, which jinās category applies?
• Which form concerns similar written outlines differentiated by dotting?
• “Sāʿah” occurs in two senses with the same written and sounded structure. Which device?
• Why is “qāla” versus “al-qālīn” treated as apparent rather than actual derivation?
• If two clause endings rhyme but their patterns differ, as with “waqārā / aṭwārā,” which sajʿ subtype?
• When the corresponding final terms “marfūʿah / mawḍūʿah” share pattern and rhyme, which subtype is illustrated?
• Corresponding endings share pattern but not rhyme, as in “maṣfūfah / mabthūthah.” What is it?
• Which figure is demonstrated by the reverse-readable letter sequence in “kullun fī falak”?
• What device links “takhshā” earlier with “takhshāhu” at the end of the passage?
• A verse offers two valid rhyme endpoints, each preserving coherent sense. Which device?
• What name describes voluntarily repeating an extra pattern before the rhyme consonant?
• What is the primary unit analyzed in jinās rather than sajʿ?
• Two poets liken generosity to the sea. Why does this not by itself prove plagiarism?
• A later poet takes substantial wording and arrangement essentially unchanged. Which classification best fits?
• A poet borrows some wording or reorganizes the expression. Which category is most relevant?
• A later poem uses an earlier idea in newly composed wording. Which term applies?
• What is missing when real historical copying is inferred from stylistic resemblance alone?
• Scriptural or Prophetic wording is integrated into a new poem or prose passage. Which figure?
• Which figure inserts another poet’s line into one’s own verse?
• What is generally called for when incorporating an obscure verse through taḍmīn?
• What is it called when prose is recast into verse?
• What is the rhetorical name for recasting verse into polished prose?
• Which figure evokes a familiar story through a concise name or allusion rather than recounting it?
• When an opening subtly anticipates the main subject, which special excellence is present?
• A poem shifts from its prelude to praise through a meaningful bridge. Which figure?
• A discourse shifts abruptly from its prelude to its purpose without a strong link. What is this?
• What primary organizational role is associated with “ammā baʿd”?
• A poem closes fittingly and leaves a strong final impression consistent with its purpose. What excellence is this?
• What is the proper criterion for recognizing two figures in one passage?
• What is the strongest way to reject a plausible competing device?
• Which designation is used specifically for terminal divisions of Qurʾanic verses in the course?
• If a later expression is more eloquent but only shares a generic theme with an earlier one, what follows?
• A statement explicitly introduces Qurʾanic wording with “God says.” What distinction matters?
• In taḍammun, an external attendant meaning is by definition a component of the assigned meaning.
• A representational simile need not consist of separate shared qualities for each constituent.
• Kināyah requires that the literal meaning actually be intended.
• Multiple ordered contrary pairs are a clearer case of muqābalah than a single antithetical pair.
• Semantic pairings must be established before deciding the sequence of laff wa-nashr.
• Every instance of ghulūw must be rhetorically rejected because it asserts impossibility.
• Distinguishing a fanciful explanation from the actual cause is central to ḥusn al-taʿlīl.
• Complete jinās requires difference of meaning as well as agreement in its four formal conditions.
• Both sajʿ and muwāzanah require matching end rhyme.
• Calling “kullun fī falak” a palindrome is a claim about matching rhyme of two prose clauses.
• An ordinary shared comparison alone does not establish poetic plagiarism.
• Iqtibās and taḍmīn differ only in passage length, not in source type.
• ʿAqd versifies prose, while ḥall renders verse as prose.
• Every abrupt shift is fine takhalluṣ even without a meaningful bridge.
• Assessment of a fine ending considers how the closing passage relates to the central purpose.