These figures should be recognized by their characteristic semantic operation, not by memorized names alone.
FigureCharacteristic operation
ṬibāqOne contrast of meanings
MuqābalahMultiple ordered contrasts
Murāʿāt al-naẓīrAffinity without opposition
MushākalahWording selected by a neighbor
ʿAksInversion of constituent order
TawriyahApparent near sense, intended remote sense
IstikhdāmShift of sense across a word and pronoun
Laff wa-nashrItems followed by their mapped attributes
More than one figure may occur in a passage. Classification should follow the specific feature being analyzed.