Figure(s)Core semantic operation
Jamʿ / tafrīq / taqsīmCommon rule / differentiation / allocation
Mubālaghah / tajrīdIntensifying a quality / extracting its imagined counterpart
Dialectical method / ḥusn al-taʿlīlProof / elegant imagined cause
Tafrīʿ / istitbāʿA derived judgment / entailed praise
Idmāj / tawjīhEmbedding another purpose / two possible readings
Qawl bi-l-mūjib / iṭṭirādRedirecting a claim / effortless genealogy
The same principle applies to praise resembling blame, playful seriousness, and feigned ignorance: identify the specific semantic effect rather than only a surface pattern. In verbal figures, by contrast, particular word forms and sound patterns are central.