صدق الخبر مطابقته للواقع، وكذبه عدمها
A report is true when it agrees with reality, and false when it does not.
The criterion concerns the relationship asserted in the sentence and whether that relationship obtains in the world. If “زَيْدٌ حَاضِرٌ” is uttered while Zayd is present, the report is true; otherwise, it is false. Confidence and emphatic wording cannot make an untrue predication true.
Understanding a claim, believing it, and its correspondence to reality are distinct. The later discussion of emphasis is therefore not an alternative definition of truth.