ʿIlm al-Maʿānī: Predication, Emphasis, and Rational Metaphor

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• What is the central concern of ʿIlm al-Maʿānī?
• Which chapter comes first in Maʿānī?
• Which expression is inshāʾ rather than a report?
• What is the musnad in “زَيْدٌ عَالِمٌ”?
• Under the correspondence criterion, when is “Zayd is present” true?
• What does the alternative view concerning a speaker’s belief principally emphasize?
• Which two aspects occur in the view attributed to al-Jāḥiẓ?
• What is it called when a report conveys a previously unknown judgment?
• Which situation illustrates lāzim fāʾidat al-khabar?
• What is usually suitable for a hearer not yet committed to the judgment?
• Why add “إِنَّ” for a hesitant listener?
• What is the principle of emphasis for an active denier?
• What additional reinforcement appears in “إِنَّا إِلَيْكُمْ لَمُرْسَلُونَ”?
• What determines speech conforming to muqtaḍā al-ẓāhir?
• When can departure from the expected rhetorical form be appropriate?
• What rhetorical condition explains the reinforcement in “إِنَّهُمْ مُغْرَقُونَ”?
• Why is “إِنَّ” apt in the line about Shaqīq showing his spear?
• Why might a denier be treated as though not denying?
• What rhetorical principle applies to the negative report “مَا جَاءَ زَيْدٌ”?
• Why does “أَنْبَتَ اللهُ الْبَقْلَ” count as ḥaqīqah ʿaqliyyah?
• What is the point of the qualifier “ʿinda al-mutakallim fī al-ẓāhir”?
• A speaker knowingly says “جَاءَ زَيْدٌ” although Zayd did not come. Is that automatically majāz ʿaqlī?
• What is the defining sign of majāz ʿaqlī?
• Why can “Spring made the plants grow” be rational metaphor for a believer?
• What relation supports the attribution to recurring mornings and evenings?
• What is the rhetorical point in “فَمَا رَبِحَتْ تِجَارَتُهُمْ”?
• What does “both terms literal” mean in the fourfold classification of rational metaphor?
• Why are both terms figurative in “أَحْيَا الْأَرْضَ شَبَابُ الزَّمَانِ”?
• Under what heading does al-Sakkākī analyze “Spring made the vegetation grow”?
• What objection is illustrated by “نَهَارُهُ صَائِمٌ” against the alternative analysis?