LessonsImplicit and Imaginative Metaphor: Competing Accounts and al-Sakkaki’s DefinitionsQuiz

شجاع يفترس أقرانه
A brave man falls upon his peers as a predator does upon prey.

The man is engaged in real combat, but the verb “preys upon” evokes the behaviour of a hunting beast. The hearer can recover a lion-like source image without seeing the noun “lion” expressly stated.

The visible grammatical expression and the mental picture must be kept distinct. The man is not literally an animal; his fierce attack is represented through predatory behaviour. For the indirect account, this suggestion by an associated action explains the effectiveness of implicit metaphor.

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A brave man “preying upon his rivals”

Implicit and Imaginative Metaphor: Competing Accounts and al-Sakkaki’s Definitions

شجاع يفترس أقرانه
A brave man falls upon his peers as a predator does upon prey.

The man is engaged in real combat, but the verb “preys upon” evokes the behaviour of a hunting beast. The hearer can recover a lion-like source image without seeing the noun “lion” expressly stated.

The visible grammatical expression and the mental picture must be kept distinct. The man is not literally an animal; his fierce attack is represented through predatory behaviour. For the indirect account, this suggestion by an associated action explains the effectiveness of implicit metaphor.