LessonsIntroduction to Bayān and the Foundational Modes of IndicationQuiz

The three modes can be compared by using one established word and keeping its full assigned meaning constant.

ModeRelation to assigned meaningInsān example
MuṭābaqahThe complete meaningḤayawān nāṭiq
TaḍammunAn internal componentḤayawān or nāṭiq
IltizāmAn external necessary concomitantCapacity for laughter

Use this method: First establish the whole conventional sense of the word. Next ask whether the intended result is that entire sense, a constituent within it, or something necessary but external to it. This sequence prevents the three modes from collapsing into one another.

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Comparison of the three modes

Introduction to Bayān and the Foundational Modes of Indication

The three modes can be compared by using one established word and keeping its full assigned meaning constant.

ModeRelation to assigned meaningInsān example
MuṭābaqahThe complete meaningḤayawān nāṭiq
TaḍammunAn internal componentḤayawān or nāṭiq
IltizāmAn external necessary concomitantCapacity for laughter

Use this method: First establish the whole conventional sense of the word. Next ask whether the intended result is that entire sense, a constituent within it, or something necessary but external to it. This sequence prevents the three modes from collapsing into one another.