The three defects address distinct questions.
DefectDiagnostic question
Tanāfur al-ḤurūfIs articulation harsh?
GharābahIs the intended meaning unduly obscure?
Mukhālafat al-QiyāsDoes the form follow accepted morphology?
A careful analysis tests sound, intelligibility, and morphology independently. A sound individual word must be free from all three listed defects.
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Introduction to Faṣāḥah, Balāghah and the Three Disciplines
The three defects address distinct questions.
DefectDiagnostic question
Tanāfur al-ḤurūfIs articulation harsh?
GharābahIs the intended meaning unduly obscure?
Mukhālafat al-QiyāsDoes the form follow accepted morphology?
A careful analysis tests sound, intelligibility, and morphology independently. A sound individual word must be free from all three listed defects.