Iqtibās: incorporating Quranic or Hadith words into original prose or verse as a literary component, not merely reporting them with explicit attribution.
Taḍmīn: inserting a portion of another poet's verse into one's own poetry and indicating the borrowing when the source is unfamiliar.
Minor alteration: a limited adjustment that leaves the earlier expression recognizable and suited to its new context.
Core examples:
“kalamḥ al-baṣar aw huwa aqrab” — Quranic incorporation.
“fa-ṣabrun jamīl” — scriptural words concluding a poem.
“aḍāʿūnī wa-ayyi fatan aḍāʿū” — a famous poetic hemistich incorporated.
“huwa ibn Jalā ... taʿrifūh” — poetic incorporation with adjusted pronouns and verbs.
In each case examine the source, wording, context and extent of change separately.