LessonsLiteral and Figurative Usage: Metonymy and Types of MetaphorQuiz

Once a metaphor is established, additional wording may suit the source image or the intended target. Source-related details produce tarshīḥ (reinforcement); target-related details produce tajrīd (abstraction).

After calling a brave man a lion, speaking of claws or roaring elaborates the animal image. Mentioning his reasoned argument returns attention to the human target.

Where neither class of qualifying expressions is supplied, the metaphor is muṭlaqah (unqualified), subject to the precise context.

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Qualifying the source or the target

Literal and Figurative Usage: Metonymy and Types of Metaphor

Once a metaphor is established, additional wording may suit the source image or the intended target. Source-related details produce tarshīḥ (reinforcement); target-related details produce tajrīd (abstraction).

After calling a brave man a lion, speaking of claws or roaring elaborates the animal image. Mentioning his reasoned argument returns attention to the human target.

Where neither class of qualifying expressions is supplied, the metaphor is muṭlaqah (unqualified), subject to the precise context.