LessonsSix Kinds of Metaphor by Source, Target, and Common FeatureQuiz

The actual calf and the made object differ in decisive respects: one is a living animal, the other a fashioned artifact. Yet metaphor does not require total identity across all attributes. A particular salient jāmiʿ can justify the transfer.

The object's calf-like configuration makes the borrowed animal-name intelligible without implying that the object literally belongs to the living species.

Metaphorical identification claims an assimilation in one relevant respect, not a complete equivalence of natural kinds.

Opening interactive controls...

Why shape is sufficient for sensory resemblance

Six Kinds of Metaphor by Source, Target, and Common Feature

The actual calf and the made object differ in decisive respects: one is a living animal, the other a fashioned artifact. Yet metaphor does not require total identity across all attributes. A particular salient jāmiʿ can justify the transfer.

The object's calf-like configuration makes the borrowed animal-name intelligible without implying that the object literally belongs to the living species.

Metaphorical identification claims an assimilation in one relevant respect, not a complete equivalence of natural kinds.