Balagha in the speaker is the faculty to compose fasih, contextually fitting discourse. Every baligh is fasih, but fasaha does not entail balagha, because situational conformity is an additional requirement.
The foundation of discourse-balāgha involves avoiding mistakes in communicating the intended meaning and distinguishing fasih from non-fasih discourse. Lexicology, morphology, grammar and cultivated taste help identify the various linguistic defects.
The three arts:
Maʿani — contextual fit in communicating meaning.
Bayan — clear pathways from expression to intended meaning.
Badiʿ — supplementary forms of beauty in otherwise sound discourse.
The next lesson starts the formal first art, ʿilm al-maʿani, on printed page 72.