A disciplined rhetorical reading proceeds in four stages. Determine the audience and question at issue; identify the syntax and predication; compare plausible interpretations; and finally name the contextual evidence that supports one reading more strongly.
وَصَلَ الْعُمَّالُ وَهُمْ يَحْمِلُونَ الْأَدَوَاتِ.
The workers arrived carrying their tools.
The question concerns their condition on arriving. Hum refers back to the workers, and the clause describes what was true at the time of arrival, so the circumstantial reading is well supported. If the discourse instead describes a sequence of independent actions, coordination becomes a different candidate. Syntactic accuracy, contextual fitness and semantic effect must work together: no one visible particle can replace that analysis.