Consider three exchanges centered on Khalid's arrival:
1. “Did anyone come?” — جَاءَ خَالِدٌ: straightforward information.
2. “Khalid did not come.” — إِنَّ خَالِدًا قَدْ جَاءَ: emphatic rebuttal of non-arrival.
3. “It was Amr, not Khalid.” — مَا جَاءَ إِلَّا خَالِدٌ: exclusion of the rival attendee within the specified context.
The event is the same, but the point at issue changes. Thus assertion, reinforcement and restriction cannot be selected without identifying the dialogue. Good rhetoric justifies the choice, rather than merely reciting the possible particles.