LessonsTajrīd: Definition, Seven Forms, and Rhetorical IntensificationQuiz

Iltifāt is a shift in the mode of address or grammatical person, such as changing from third person to direct address. The shift may be rhetorically effective without being tajrīd.

Additional condition for tajrīd: Another similar bearer or addressee must be imagined as emerging from the actual bearer.
Core event in iltifāt: The grammatical presentation or perspective changes.

“Lā khayla ʿindaka” supports tajrīd because the poet addresses his own self as a separate persona. A narrator's shift from “he” to “you” need not by itself involve the same imaginary extraction.

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Distinguishing tajrīd from iltifāt

Tajrīd: Definition, Seven Forms, and Rhetorical Intensification

Iltifāt is a shift in the mode of address or grammatical person, such as changing from third person to direct address. The shift may be rhetorically effective without being tajrīd.

Additional condition for tajrīd: Another similar bearer or addressee must be imagined as emerging from the actual bearer.
Core event in iltifāt: The grammatical presentation or perspective changes.

“Lā khayla ʿindaka” supports tajrīd because the poet addresses his own self as a separate persona. A narrator's shift from “he” to “you” need not by itself involve the same imaginary extraction.