LessonsThe Dialectical Method and Elegant Causal Attribution: Proof and Four Modes of Ḥusn al-TaʿlīlQuiz

ما به قتل أعاديه ولكن يتقي إخلاف ما ترجو الذئاب
He does not slay his enemies from fear of their harm; rather, he avoids disappointing what the wolves hope for.

The established act is the killing of enemies; its usual reason would be defense or military necessity. The poet invents an unreal but meaningful connection: the patron is so openhanded that he would not leave even the beasts disappointed.

The praise reaches beyond bravery to an extravagant image of generosity. That added implication is central to the figure.

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Killing enemies to satisfy the beasts

The Dialectical Method and Elegant Causal Attribution: Proof and Four Modes of Ḥusn al-Taʿlīl

ما به قتل أعاديه ولكن يتقي إخلاف ما ترجو الذئاب
He does not slay his enemies from fear of their harm; rather, he avoids disappointing what the wolves hope for.

The established act is the killing of enemies; its usual reason would be defense or military necessity. The poet invents an unreal but meaningful connection: the patron is so openhanded that he would not leave even the beasts disappointed.

The praise reaches beyond bravery to an extravagant image of generosity. That added implication is central to the figure.