The poetic example has three layers:
1. Named qualities: generosity, honour, munificence.
2. Overt location: the tent erected over the man.
3. Intended attribution: these qualities belong to Ibn al-Ḥashraj.
“Ibn al-Ḥashraj is generous” would be a direct statement. Locating the virtues in his tent suggests their presence throughout his setting and conveys attribution by kināyah.
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Three Types of Kināyah: Referent, Attribute, and Attribution
The poetic example has three layers:
1. Named qualities: generosity, honour, munificence.
2. Overt location: the tent erected over the man.
3. Intended attribution: these qualities belong to Ibn al-Ḥashraj.
“Ibn al-Ḥashraj is generous” would be a direct statement. Locating the virtues in his tent suggests their presence throughout his setting and conveys attribution by kināyah.