On the two-condition definitions, four combinations fall outside both complete truth and complete falsehood.
Report vs. realitySpeaker’s stateAl-Jāḥiẓ
MatchesBelieves it does not matchIntermediate
MatchesHas no beliefIntermediate
Does not matchBelieves it matchesIntermediate
Does not matchHas no beliefIntermediate
The intermediate category is not a new grammatical class of sentence. It is a distinct evaluative status assigned to an otherwise assertoric report.
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Truth and Falsehood in Reports: The Majority, al-Naẓẓām and al-Jāḥiẓ
On the two-condition definitions, four combinations fall outside both complete truth and complete falsehood.
Report vs. realitySpeaker’s stateAl-Jāḥiẓ
MatchesBelieves it does not matchIntermediate
MatchesHas no beliefIntermediate
Does not matchBelieves it matchesIntermediate
Does not matchHas no beliefIntermediate
The intermediate category is not a new grammatical class of sentence. It is a distinct evaluative status assigned to an otherwise assertoric report.