TypeDefining featureExampleComplete, mumāthilAll four aspects agree; same word classal-sāʿah / sāʿahComplete, mustawfāFormal identity; different word classyaḥyā / YaḥyāCompoundA single word versus a phrasedhā hibah / dhāhibahMuḥarrafDifference of vowels or formburd / bardIncomplete by countAdditional or missing letterssāq / masāqMuḍāriʿ/lāḥiqConsonant substitution and articulationdāmis / ṭāmis; humazah / lumazahQalbReordered lettersfatḥ / ḥatfIshtiqāqShared rootaqim / al-qayyim
A passage may exhibit more than one phonetic feature. Classification should identify the specific decisive condition instead of assigning a label from a superficial resemblance.