One shared surface pattern can perform several distinct acts. Yā maẓlūm encourages a complainant; anā afʿalu kadhā ayyuhā al-rajul specifies the speaker’s qualification; yā Allāh expresses need and seeks help.
Identify the speaker, intended addressee, their prior situation and the sought effect. Lexical recognition without these questions misses the decisive evidence for rhetorical interpretation.
ExampleSituationFunction
Yā maẓlūmA grievance is being voicedInducement
Anā ... ayyuhā al-rajulSpeaker marks own qualitySpecification
Yā AllāhHelp is soughtInvocation