Etiquettes of Prayer: Finger Gesture, Supplications, and Other Adab

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• At which verbal phrases during the Tashahhud is the raising and lowering of the index finger legally prescribed?
• Supplicating at the end of prayer using words that resemble common human conversation (like "O Allah, give me bread") is fully valid and does not break the prayer.
• Who should a person praying completely alone (Munfarid) intend to salute when turning their head for the concluding Salaams?
• When performing the second Salaam to the left, the worshipper should pronounce it in a softer, lower voice compared to the first Salaam.
• What is the latecomer (Masbuq) legally required to do regarding the concluding Salaams of the Imam?
• Releasing the hands from the sleeves during the Opening Takbir is an etiquette (Adab) prescribed for both men and women.
• Match the physical postures during prayer with their correct Sunnah gaze placements (Nathar):
• What should the follower (Ma'mum) intend to salute during the concluding Salaams according to the Hanafi school?