Invalidators of Prayer, Part 2: Items 25–43 — State Changes

1. Items 25–30: A Missing Condition Becomes Available

25. A person praying with Tayammum sees/obtains usable water in the relevant situation.
26. The valid period for wiping over khuffs ends during prayer.
27. The khuff is removed.
28. A person unable to recite learns a verse during prayer, when not following a reciting Imam.
29. A person praying without adequate covering finds a valid covering.
30. A person praying by gestures becomes able to perform Ruku and Sujud.

These are grouped because the legal basis on which the person began the prayer changes while the prayer is still in progress.

2. Items 31–37: Order, Time, Splint, and Chronic Excuse

31. A person for whom prayer-order (Tartib) remains binding remembers an earlier missed prayer.
32. A replacement Imam is appointed who is not legally fit to lead that congregation.
33. The sun rises while Fajr is still being performed.
34. The sun reaches/passes the zenith during the Eid prayer in the stated timing case.
35. Asr time enters while Jumu'ah is still being performed.
36. A splint/bandage falls away because the injury has healed.
37. The legal chronic excuse of a Ma'dhur ends during the prayer.

3. Items 38–43: Hadath, Fainting, Insanity, and Janabah

38. Deliberately causing Hadath.
39. Hadath caused by another person's action.
40. Fainting.
41. Insanity.
42–43. Becoming Junub through a relevant emission caused by looking or through a wet dream.

These cases are stronger than the narrow classical rule of Hadath Sabiq (an involuntary natural Hadath) in which continuation after renewed Wudu is discussed under strict conditions. Do not merge every loss of Wudu into one rule.

4. Important Timing Qualification

The source places an important qualification on many of the state-change invalidators in this sequence: if the conflicting event occurs before the final sitting has been completed for the duration of Tashahhud, the prayer is invalid according to the stated rule.

For some events occurring after that final sitting, the Hanafi authorities record disagreement because the legal exit from prayer is itself a separate issue. Therefore the course does not flatten every technical case into “it always invalidates at every moment.”

5. Fajr, Jumu'ah, and Eid: Why Their Time Change Matters

The list contains three time-sensitive cases:
• sunrise during Fajr;
• zenith during the Eid prayer;
• entry of Asr time during Jumu'ah.

These prayers depend on their own legally defined time windows. The course therefore treats these as named source cases rather than inventing a general rule that “every prayer becomes invalid whenever the next prayer time begins.” For example, Zuhr does not become invalid merely because Asr time enters.

6. Items 25–43 at a Glance

25 water for Tayammum-user; 26 khuff period ends; 27 khuff removed; 28 non-reciter learns a verse; 29 covering becomes available; 30 ability for Ruku/Sujud returns; 31 earlier missed prayer remembered by Sahib al-Tartib; 32 invalid substitute Imam; 33 sunrise in Fajr; 34 zenith in Eid; 35 Asr enters during Jumu'ah; 36 healed splint falls; 37 Ma'dhur excuse ends; 38 deliberate Hadath; 39 Hadath caused by another; 40 fainting; 41 insanity; 42–43 Janabah by the stated causes.