In classical terminology, iqrar is generally a limited proof (hujjah qasirah): it operates against the acknowledging person, not automatically against an unrelated third party.
If Zayd says, 'I owe Bakr 100 dirhams,' it is evidence against Zayd. If he merely says, 'Khalid also owes Bakr,' Khalid is not made liable solely by Zayd's words. Distinguishing self-admission from an allegation against another is essential.
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An admission binds the admitting party
Kitab al-Iqrar: Capacity, Unspecified Rights, and Amounts in Admissions
In classical terminology, iqrar is generally a limited proof (hujjah qasirah): it operates against the acknowledging person, not automatically against an unrelated third party.
If Zayd says, 'I owe Bakr 100 dirhams,' it is evidence against Zayd. If he merely says, 'Khalid also owes Bakr,' Khalid is not made liable solely by Zayd's words. Distinguishing self-admission from an allegation against another is essential.