The passage moves in a deliberate sequence: search at the end of Shaʿban 29; fast when Ramadan is properly established; otherwise complete thirty days. It then states the individual observer’s personal duty.
Finally, it divides the public testimony standard according to sky conditions: one upright witness under obstruction, or a large credible group under a clear sky. These are the central five rulings.
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Kitab al-Sawm: Crescent Sighting and Establishing Ramadan
The passage moves in a deliberate sequence: search at the end of Shaʿban 29; fast when Ramadan is properly established; otherwise complete thirty days. It then states the individual observer’s personal duty.
Finally, it divides the public testimony standard according to sky conditions: one upright witness under obstruction, or a large credible group under a clear sky. These are the central five rulings.