Suppose true dawn was at 4:45 by an established timetable, but a person ate at 4:50 believing it was still night. Reliable subsequent verification shows the food was taken after dawn.
Under Quduri’s stated error case, the day requires qaḍāʾ but not kaffarah. These times are illustrative, not actual prayer-time guidance.
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Kitab al-Sawm: Mistaken Dawn or Sunset, Qada and Kaffarah
Suppose true dawn was at 4:45 by an established timetable, but a person ate at 4:50 believing it was still night. Reliable subsequent verification shows the food was taken after dawn.
Under Quduri’s stated error case, the day requires qaḍāʾ but not kaffarah. These times are illustrative, not actual prayer-time guidance.