جَاءَ الرَّجُلُ الْعَالِمُ.
“The learned man came.” «الْعَالِمُ» is naʿt: a quality.
جَاءَ أَبُو حَفْصٍ عُمَرُ.
“Abū Ḥafṣ—ʿUmar—came.” «عُمَرُ» is ʿaṭf al-bayān: an identity.
The decisive distinction is the semantic function, not merely a shared case ending.
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ʿAṭf al-Bayān: Definition, Examples, and Contrast with Badal
جَاءَ الرَّجُلُ الْعَالِمُ.
“The learned man came.” «الْعَالِمُ» is naʿt: a quality.
جَاءَ أَبُو حَفْصٍ عُمَرُ.
“Abū Ḥafṣ—ʿUmar—came.” «عُمَرُ» is ʿaṭf al-bayān: an identity.
The decisive distinction is the semantic function, not merely a shared case ending.