Badal: a case-following term primarily intended by the attribution.
Four types: whole, part, association and error correction.
Part: literal component, commonly linked by a pronoun.
Association: something related but not a literal component.
Correction: an inadvertent expression is replaced with the intended expression.
Indefinite after definite: the text requires an adjective but exempts the reverse and same-definiteness cases.
Next source chapter: ʿaṭf al-bayān.