ʿAdl: shift from an original form to another, actual or estimated.
ʿAdl + proper-name status: ʿUmar and Zufar. ʿAdl + adjectival status: thulāth, mathlath, ukhar and jumaʿ.
Waṣf must be original; aswad and arqam retain original adjectival status, alongside a verb-like pattern.
The book's أَرْبَعٍ example is fully declinable, clarifying that originality matters.
Keep three questions distinct: what causes the declension class, what is the syntactic case, and which ending marks it.
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Causes of Diptote Status — ʿAdl and Waṣf
ʿAdl: shift from an original form to another, actual or estimated.
ʿAdl + proper-name status: ʿUmar and Zufar. ʿAdl + adjectival status: thulāth, mathlath, ukhar and jumaʿ.
Waṣf must be original; aswad and arqam retain original adjectival status, alongside a verb-like pattern.
The book's أَرْبَعٍ example is fully declinable, clarifying that originality matters.
Keep three questions distinct: what causes the declension class, what is the syntactic case, and which ending marks it.