1. Find the verb.
2. Ask who performed it. Keep the complete subject phrase together.
3. Ask what received it. Keep the complete object phrase together.
4. Check the endings and make an idiomatic translation.
كَتَبَ طَالِبُ الْعِلْمِ دَرْسًا سَهْلًا
Subject phrase: طَالِبُ الْعِلْمِ; object phrase: دَرْسًا سَهْلًا.
فَتَحَ حَارِسُ الْبَيْتِ بَابًا كَبِيرًا
The house guard opened a large door.
سَمِعَ أَخُو زَيْدٍ خَبَرًا مُهِمًّا
Zayd's brother heard important news.