هَذَا الطَّالِبُ مُجْتَهِدٌ.
Translation: This student is diligent.
هَذَا: demonstrative, indeclinable, in the nominative position as mubtadaʾ. الطَّالِبُ: identifying apposition (badal or ʿaṭf bayān), nominative with ḍamma. مُجْتَهِدٌ: nominative predicate.
The demonstrative and identifying noun refer to the same student; the predicate gives information about him.
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Demonstratives — forms, syntax and usage
هَذَا الطَّالِبُ مُجْتَهِدٌ.
Translation: This student is diligent.
هَذَا: demonstrative, indeclinable, in the nominative position as mubtadaʾ. الطَّالِبُ: identifying apposition (badal or ʿaṭf bayān), nominative with ḍamma. مُجْتَهِدٌ: nominative predicate.
The demonstrative and identifying noun refer to the same student; the predicate gives information about him.